On 29 November 2004, two militants from the Gaza Strip performed a suicidal raid (a martyrdom operation from the Palestinian point of view since the attackers knew its was a one-way trip) against an Israeli military site called Al-Malaka (Al-Maleka) inside the strip. This operation took place in 2004 before the former Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon decided to unilaterally withdraw his troops and dismantle Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip in 2005. In this article, we will discuss the operation step by step from a tactical perspective
At that time, Palestinian factions were not tactically efficient nor well equipped, many mistakes occurred in the operation which were later addressed with the improvement of training and armament. They later conducted some of this training on the same site when they took it over after the Israeli withdrawal.
The raid was considered a joint operation since the first militant was a member of Al-Nasser Saladin brigades while the other was a member of Ezzedine Al-Qassam brigades. We will the operation step by step from a tactical perspective, noting the major tactical mistakes that can take place in that kind of operations.
[Author’s note: Palestinians see the attack as a heroic and extremely brave operation while Israelis see it as an act of terrorism, but the object of this article is simply to discuss the arms and tactics used from an academic, not political, point of view.]
Armament:
The combatants were armed with 7.62×39mm AKM self-loading rifles, hand grenades, and sticky bombs, while the support unit had an RPG-7 launcher and apparently only one round with additional short-range rocket artillery in the form of Qassam-1 missiles with a range of 1.5 to 3 km.
Fig.1.1. Qassam-1 rockets were the first form of rocket artillery made in Gaza, the rockets were lacking accuracy due to inexperience of the makers, also there were no accurate launching data i.e. elevation angle to range which were later improved in new versions but this exact version was pulled out from service and replaced by mortars.
The following images were taken from a video of the attack released by Ezzedine Al Qassam brigades’ information office website.
Fig.1.2. The combatants armed with AKM rifles while riding a minibus to drop them at their start point where they will continue on foot to perform their operation.
Operation:
Fig.2.1. The military site is located on high ground to survey the surrounding area.
In Fig. 2.1 the first combatant is seen proceeding across open ground and from a visible angle, from a tactical perspective this method of advance is disastrous, despite this he was lucky enough to reach the wall but no operation should rely on luck.
Fig. 2.2. A support unit firing an RPG-7 round on the tower to take out the guard and provide covering fire for the 2 combatants to proceed toward the site.
Some might ask: where is the mistake in that? In fact, there is more than just one mistake, firstly: the explosion will alert not only the troops inside but also any nearby troops, secondly: if you have only a single PG-7 round then you should not waste it on an individual since its meant to take out vehicles that can’t be engaged by small arms alone. A designated marksman or a sniper would perform this role efficiently.
Fig. 2.3. Combatants keep on proceeding without managing distance nor switching covering positions
Unlike any ordinary tactical advance where the first operator takes cover and starts giving fire cover to his partner to proceed. We can see how the two attackers bunched together providing good targets.
Fig. 2.4. The first combatant reaches the walls and began to throw grenades inside while the other still hadn’t taken his position yet.
Fig. 2.5. The Second attacker reached the high ground and began to exchange fire with the tower’s guard.
We do not know if the guard in the tower is the man engaged by the RPG support team or if its another member of the outpost’s garrison. Regardless, the exposed firing position is inadvisable and lead to the death of one of the attackers.
Fig. 2.6. Support unit fired a Qassam-1 rocket which is not a precision weapon and could have caused friendly fire hitting the attackers.
Indirect fire support is usually used before the raid as a preface or after the raid to cover exfiltration from the area or for bombarding the surrounding ground to prevent any hostile supports to arrive.
Fig. 2.7. The remaining combatant keeps throwing grenades inside the site
Fig. 2.8. A moment later an IDF Merkava Main Battle Tank arrived to support the outpost and started shooting at the attacker while he was taking a cover at a tight angle between a concrete pillbox and the wall which saved his life temporarily. The supporting RPG round used earlier on the tower would have been useful against the Merkava – wasting the RPG round was a mistake.
Fig. 2.9. Another Qassam-1 missile fired at the outpost, possibly after the tank is spotted by the support group
Fig. 2.10. The combatants shoot the tower’s guard, taking him out from relatively a good position since he is not fully exposed.
Fig. 2.11. The combatant here appears to be using a sticky bomb or satchel charge to blow up the door, he planted the charge and took cover, which is tactically correct.
Fig. 2.12. Support unit continues firing Qassam-1 missiles at the outpost
Fig. 2.13. Here the combatant appears to shoot through a hole in the door, reportedly taking out two IDF soldiers.
Fig. 2.14. From his cover, the combatant made his last call with his command center confirming his killing of three IDF soldiers.
Fig. 2.15. The IDF Merkava appear moving back and forth near the outpost searching for the attacker
Note that the Merkava crew don’t know what’s awaiting them, and are cautious, they were afraid to proceed full speed in case there was an IED or an RPG operator who can pop-up out of nowhere and fire on them.
Fig. 2.16. The tank here appears to be fire sweeping the area with its integral grenade launcher
From the camera man’s angle, an RPG would have an ideal opportunity to handle the tank -again this is the price of wasting ammunition.
Fig. 2.17. After several attempts, the tank succeeded in kill the remaining combatant ending the operation.
From this breakdown of the operation we can see that the attackers were lucky to have reached the outpost at all and co-ordination of their attack was somewhat chaotic with the pair failing to work as a team, covering one another. The use of the only available RPG round against the tower was a tactical mistake, one which proved fatal when the attackers failed to breech the outer defenses of the outpost and enemy armour arrived.
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hey thank you for very intresting article. Do you know if the RPG ammunition used in this fight was homemade or example russian made. are these palestinan made rpg effective against israel tanks?